autonomous electric vehicles ANN-SMC Automatic steering Autonomous vehicles COD Cadmium Cloud control base platform Cloud control system Cloud controlled and automated driving Competition Cooperative automated lane change Cooperative trajectory planning Dynamic coordinated control Ecosystem model Estimation methods Evolutionary equilibrium Fault-tolerant control Fluvial input Four wheel steering Heavy metal Hyperaccumulator straw Intelligent and connected vehicles Irradiance Jiaozhou Bay Land-based pollutant loads Lateral control Longitudinal vehicle dynamics Monitoring network NDD Neural-fuzzy adaptive sliding control